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數(shù)詞(3-3~4-1)

 

大綱要求

 

基數(shù)詞及其用法;序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及其用法;分?jǐn)?shù)詞的構(gòu)成;小數(shù)的用法。

 

一、基數(shù)詞及其主要用法

 

表示數(shù)目的詞稱(chēng)基數(shù)詞。15 fifteen，幾百幾千不加s，242 two hundred and forty-two，5058 five thousand and fifty-eight，9，600，000 nine million six hundred thousand

 

1.基數(shù)詞可以用于數(shù)字的計(jì)算。

 

6+8=14 Six plus eight is fourteen.

 

9-7=2 Nine minus seven is two.

 

7X5=35 Seven times five is thirty-five.

 

8÷4=2 Eight divided by four is two.

 

2.基數(shù)詞可以表示人的大致年齡和年代。

 

He died in his fifties.

 

This took place in 1990s/1990s.

 

The professor became successful in his thirties.

 

3.基數(shù)詞可以用來(lái)表達(dá)年份、時(shí)間、電話號(hào)碼。

 

1700 seventeen hundred

 

1814 eighteen fourteen

 

9：20 nine twenty

 

11：30 eleven thirty/half past eleven

 

5：45 five forty-five/a quarter to six

 

88760231 eight eight seven，six zero two，three one

 

4.基數(shù)詞可以用于編號(hào)。

 

Number six，line 4，page 19，Bus(No.)332，Platform(No.)5，Room 101

 

5.基數(shù)詞可以和其他詞一起構(gòu)成合成形容詞，在句子中作定語(yǔ)。

 

A one-month-old baby can recognize its mother by smell.

 

This eleven-month-old baby can speak a few words.

 

(The baby is eleven months old.)

 

The teacher asked us to write a four-thousand-word essay as our homework.

 

(There are four thousand words in the essay.)

 

This four-paragraph essay is too difficult for me to understand.

 

(There are four paragraphs in this essay.)

 

二、序數(shù)詞及其主要用法

 

表示順序的詞稱(chēng)為序數(shù)詞。如first，second，third，fourth，ninth，twenty-first，forty-fifth等。

 

序數(shù)詞可以用來(lái)表示日期和世紀(jì)。May the first/the first of May(5.1)，August the eighth/the eighth of August(8.8)，the twentieth century，the twenty-first century

 

序數(shù)詞在句子中前面一般加the

 

The first of October is our National Day.

 

She was the third to arrive.

 

序數(shù)詞在句子中前面加不定冠詞，表示“再一”又一“。

 

Theyll have to do it a second time.

 

Shall I ask him a third time?

 

When he sat down，a fourth man rose to ask.

 

三、分?jǐn)?shù)詞的構(gòu)成

 

分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示，若分子大于1，分母需用復(fù)數(shù)。

 

two-thirds(2/3)，one-third(1/3)，nine-tenths(9/10)，five-twelfths(5/12)。

 

特殊表達(dá)法有：one half(1/2)，a quarter(1/4)，three quarters(3/4)

 

考試重點(diǎn)

 

基數(shù)詞可以和其他詞一起構(gòu)成合成形容詞，在句子中作定語(yǔ)，名詞不能加s.

 

數(shù)詞部分需特別注意dozen，hundred，million，billion等詞。表示具體數(shù)字時(shí)，這些詞用單數(shù)形式，表示不具體的數(shù)字時(shí)，須用dozens of，hundreds of這類(lèi)的結(jié)構(gòu)。

 

I want three dozen of these.

 

He has been there dozens of times.

 

It is reported that _____ people in this area were saved in the storm.

 

A.hundred B.hundred of C.hundreds of D.some hundreds

 

(答案C)

 

當(dāng)數(shù)詞與名詞及其他詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞時(shí)，合成形容詞中間若用連字符，則其中的名詞須用單數(shù)形式。

 

The homework for the next period is to write a two-hundred-word composition about your hometown.

 

Mary is a eleven-year-old girl.

 

(Mary is eleven years old.)